The focus of this species page is on sorghum bicolor ssp. Sorghum is also planted for cattle fodder and other purposes. In particular, aromatase is a target for breast cancer therapy, and inhibition of. Pdf west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti. The seed is used as food, in brewing kiffir beer, the kiffir corn malt and cornmeal is fermented to make leting a sour mash, the pith is eaten, and the sweet culm chewed.
Sorghum sorghum bicolor is an important food crop in africa, india, and for other arid areas. Globally, sorghum is one of the most important but least utilized staple crops. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor l moench, is the fifth most important cereal after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Sorghum is a genus with many species and subspecies, and there are several types of sorghum, including grain sorghums, grass sorghums for pasture and hay, sweet sorghums for syrups, and broomcorn. In this study, we tested dried sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths sbls domesticated from a wild variety that is native to west africa. Pdf extraction and characterization of sorghum sorghum.
Folkloric traditional medicinal benefits and uses of sorghum or jowar decoction of seed is demulcent and diuretic. Sorghum is loaded with nutrients, vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, and thiamin, high amount of magnesium, copper, iron, phosphorous, calcium, and potassium. Sorghum facts, health benefits and nutritional value. Uses sorghum bicolor is cultivated in many parts of the world today. Shattercane, known as keelo or seepoliteral1y means the fool in local languages, are weeds in cultivated sorghum fields in. Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. The continent produces about 20 million tonnes of sorghum per annum, about onethird of the world crop. Sorghum s status as an alternative grain for people with gluten intolerance has made it more available as human food in the united states, and pontieris team suggests that its high nutritional value and other health benefits recommend it as a replacement for rice or corn among the general population as well. The species called sorghum bicolor is the most important commercial sorghum plant and it has many important uses throughout the world. Sorghum bicolor is the dominant cereal crop in the guinea and sudan regions of west africa. A study conducted in four sub regions hamelmalo, segeneyti, tesseney and goluj of eritrea to determined farmers perceptions on sorghum diversity, utilization, post harvest and production problems and their management practices using a semi. International crops research institute for the semiarid tropics.
Recently the use of sorghum dye in hair dying products has been patented299. Plant 1 to 2 inches deep about 10 to 15 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart. Sorghum bicolor, liver, rats, aminotransferases, hemoglobin. In this article, the antiinflammatory actions of extracts of select sorghum brans were evaluated in two experimental inflammatory systems. Fabricating covalent organic framework capsules with. Health benefits of sorghum the whole grains council. Antiinflammatory activity of select sorghum sorghum. Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where this hardy crop provides better household food security than maize.
There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. We compared the ability of simple flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in sorghum bicolor bran extracts to inhibit enzymes in vitro. It is in flower from august to october, and the seeds ripen from september to october. Sorghum handbook white sorghum, the new food grain developing markets, enabling trade. Genetic variation in wild sorghum sorghum bicolor ssp. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti. The red sorghum dyes were traditionally used as a funeral hanging, decorated with patterns made by thick threads added to the weft of the fabric. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. Sorghum originated in africa, and is now cultivated widely in. It is used in the treatment of kidney and urinary complaints. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have antiinflammatory and immune modulating properties in vitro. Their aqueous bran extracts have potential use to reduce risk. Gramineae, poaceae sorghum bicolor is an annual plant having its different parts widely used in tm.
Extraction and characterization of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Aug 16, 2012 this study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. Waxy and heterowaxy samples had the highest efficiencies. The plants database includes the following 3 subspecies of sorghum bicolor. Sorghum halepense johnson grass pfaf plant database. Sorghum halepense is a perennial growing to 2 m 6ft by 1.
It constitutes the main food grain for over 750 million people who live in the semiarid tropics of africa, asia, and latin america. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Importance of sorghum in africa j r n taylor department of food science, university of pretoria, pretoria 0002, south africa, email. Apr 03, 20 sorghum s status as an alternative grain for people with gluten intolerance has made it more available as human food in the united states, and pontieris team suggests that its high nutritional value and other health benefits recommend it as a replacement for rice or corn among the general population as well. It provides dietary fiber by 48% of the recommended daily value.
Sorghumbased foods, teas, beers, and extracts are used in traditional medicine, placing an importance on obtaining an increased understanding. The seed caters to many markets, such as livestock, food market, and grain markets. Moench is the fifth most important cereal crop after wheat. Sorghum bicolor is an annual plant having its different parts widely used in tm. The largest market for it is the livestock business. Batad, sorghum bicolor, sorghum, ye gao liang herbal medicine an illustrated compilation of philippine medicinal plants by dr godofredo stuart with botanical information, chemical properties, folkloric uses and medicinal research studies.
Andropogon sorghum, holcus bicolor, holcus sorghum, sorghum saccharatum, sorghum vulgare family. Dec 01, 2019 sorghum carries out carbon fixation through the c4 pathway and is an ideal grass model for comparison with rice which uses the c3 pathway. Moench starch article pdf available in international food research journal 191. One species, sorghum bicolor, native to africa with many cultivated forms now, is an important crop worldwide, used for food as grain and in sorghum syrup or sorghum molasses, animal fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, and biofuels.
Moench is the most important staple food crop in eritrea. This grows wild in pakistan and india and is sometimes used in traditional medicine as a soothing herb for digestion, and a decoction of the seeds can be made into a paste for skin problems and irritation. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. The bran fractions of certain varieties of sorghum sorghum bicolor grain are rich sources of phytochemicals and antioxidants. It is generally, although not universally, considered to have first been domesticated in north africa, possibly in the nile or ethiopian regions as recently as bc1. Sorghum bicolor is a drought tolerant c4 grass used for the production of grain, forage, sugar, and lignocellulosic biomass and a genetic model for c4 grasses due to its relatively small genome approximately 800 mbp, diploid genetics, diverse germplasm, and colinearity with other c4 grass genomes.
West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro. Extracts of medicinal herbs oenanthe javanica blume dc. The word sorghum typically refers to cultivated sorghum sorghum bicolor l. The plant likely originated in africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Sorghum jowar amazing proven nutritional health benefits. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Sorghum grain is a rich source of nutrients and health. The immature plant is poisonous, especially if slightly wilted, since it can contain the toxins hydrogen cyanide and the alkaloid hordenine.
The aim of this study is to document the production and use. Direct milling of white sorghum into whole grain flour is possible. Sorghum for silage should be harvested when seeds are in milk to dough stage. Sorghum is also used to help alleviate chronic pain, and an extract from the leaf base was shown to have central antinociceptive properties. Ethnobotanical reports showed that decoction from sorghum bicolor seed possessed demulcent, diuretic, emollient, remedy. Sorghum is often used for food, especially in arid countries where sorghum flourishes. It is also in the list of top five crops of the world. Sorghum is among the most efficient crops in conversion of solar energy and use of water and is known as a highenergy, drought tolerant crop that is environmentally friendly. Sorghum bicolor is an important crop providing food and fodder in the semiarid tropics of the world. It is the dietary staple of more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries. Ibpgr, and icrisat, 1993 descriptors for sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Free amino nitrogen fan contents in sorghum samples were positively related to the fermentation rate during fermentation r 2 0. Sorghum handbook agricultural marketing resource center.
Because obesity and diabetes are among the most important medical problems in. Most varieties are drought and heattolerant, and are especially important in arid regions, where the grain is one of the. Developing countries also use sorghum plant products for cooking fuel, construction. Sorghum is also widely used in the production of ethanol. Global sorghum production peaked during the mid1980s, and thereafter it declined by about 15 %, but not steadily. Freshly isolated primary human polymorphonuclear pmn and mononuclear cell subsets were used to test selected cellular functions in the. World checklist of selected plant species wcsp 20 and the usda grin. All about sorghum the united sorghum checkoff program. Sorghum bicolor plant finder missouri botanical garden. Sorghum bicolor sorghum, common wild sorghum, grain sorghum. The report shows that 192 gm is loaded with 632 kcal which offers a calorie rich diet with other minerals and vitamins. Te west african orgum bicolor leaf seat etract jobelyn and its diverse terapeutic potentials 21 copyrigt 2018 kubena et al citation. Oct 12, 2019 there are several uses for this grain.
One of the few grains that can be used as a wheat substitute in glutenfree recipes and products, this is an important food crop in africa, central america, and south asia, and is the fifthmost important cereal crop grown in the world. In almost all the sorghum growing regions except africa yield levels have been enhanced over the years as a result of improved cultivars, higher input use, better resources, and crop management. Pdf sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Sorghum bicolor is a annual growing to 5 m 16ft 5in at a fast rate. Ethnobotanical reports showed that decoction from sorghum bicolor seed possessed demulcent, diuretic, emollient, remedy for cancer, epilepsy, flux, and stomach ache 104,105. It is an annual crop whose root system consists of fibrous roots that grow from the lowest nodes of the plant stem at places below and just above the ground level. Health benefits of sorghum sorghum is an excellent source of riboflavin, vitamin b6, thiamin and minerals such as iron, potassium, manganese and magnesium.
Sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Sorghum view complete details about grain sorghum, jowar, red sorghum, sweet sorghum, sorghum flour, health benefits of sorghum, uses and sorghum suppliers, jowar exporters from india. This variety has been in use for centuries as traditional medicinal food by people of southwestern nigeria. It is a very effective medicinal herb to treat cancer including lung cancer, anemia, diabetes, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, pains in the body, headache, cataract, inflammation, sickle cell anemia as well as constipation. Although sorghum bicolor is known for its nutritional value, it is also used for some medicinal properties. It is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries, although maize has to some extent replaced its use in southern africa.
Ethanol fermentation performance of grain sorghums. It is an important food crop in the semiarid tropics and it is commonly cultivated for feeding. Sorghum bicolor is an ancient plant that has been cultivated in. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Sorghum, more specifically known as grain sorghum, is a part of the grass family poaceae that grows at the rate of 0. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have antiinflammatory. We tested sorghum entries lines and hybrids with different endosperm matrices for ethanol production using a laboratory dry grind process. Moench sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. Sorghum bicolor sorghum medicinal herb is a plant that is native to northern africa.
Compounds in sorghum called 3deoxyanthoxyanins 3dxa are present in darkercolored sorgums, and to a lesser extent in white sorghum. Sorghum nervosum sorghum nervosum besser ex schult. Some sorghum cvs are very productive, yielding more dm than corn. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Thus, sorghum dye is used in infusion to treat anemia and certain menstrual disorders 7. It can be used to make couscous, molasses, porridge and ground into sorghum flour. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Harvesting for green chop or silage is wellsuited to mechanical harvesting due to bulk and mass involved. Sivaraj, in breeding sorghum for diverse end uses, 2019. These substances are destroyed if the plant is dried or made into silage. Ethanol fermentation performance of grain sorghums sorghum. Sorghum uses, jowar benefits, sweet sorghum suppliers, red. The decoction of the seed is demulcent and diuretic. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract.
It is grown lavishly in arid regions and it stands up well in drought conditions so it is now commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. Scientists at the university of missouri tested extracts of black, red, and white sorghums and found that all three extracts had strong. Due to sorghums wide uses and adaptation, sorghum is one of the really indispensable crops required for the survival of humankind from jack harlan, 1971. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, also called great millet, indian millet, milo, durra, orshallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family and its edible starchy seeds. It is especially adapted to grow in dry areas but, being so rich in diversity, it also grows well in temperate and high altitude environments. Johnson grass is the parent of sorghum bicolor, and is an invasive weeds which grows between the grain sorghum in many countries. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. Sorghum, with large juicy stems containing as much as 10% sucrose, used in manufacture of syrup. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Sorghum carries out carbon fixation through the c4 pathway and is an ideal grass model for comparison with rice which uses the c3 pathway. Sorghum bicolor has a haploid chromosome number of 10, containing 530 mb with 33,000 proteincoding genes. Millets, primarily food grains, include several species important in geographic regions with pearl millet pennisetum glaucum l.
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